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NEW READING PRACTICE QUESTION PART B

 Q.The study suggests that


A)a relation between child immunity and percentage of OTITIS MEDIA.

B)More than 40%of OM is caused by URTI

C) a definitive role of RSV in OM


OTITIS MEDIA


Otitis media (OM) remains a major health problem for children throughout the world. In addition to the short-term morbidity and costs of the illness, children with persistent middle ear effusion may be at risk for long-term detrimental effects on speech and language. The annual cost of the medical and surgical treatment of OM in the United States alone is estimated at between $3 and $4 billion dollars. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial. Infection by bacteria and viruses, abnormal function of the Eustachian tube, and relative immaturity of a child's immune system are all known to be important in the development of acute otitis media (AOM) in young children.


Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with a number of viruses have long been associated with the development of OM. Early studies using relatively insensitive detection techniques such as viral culture and viral-specific antibody responses demonstrated clear associations between URTI with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza (type A or B), and adenovirus and the development of OM. Weaker, but still significant associations were seen with infections caused by parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, and rhinovirus. Evidence that respiratory viruses themselves had a central pathogenic role was provided by later studies in which culture and antigen detection techniques demonstrated virus in the middle ear fluid itself of infected children.Respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequently identified virus in middle ear fluid specimens, followed by parainfluenza and influenza. These early studies were hampered by the fact that even with the rigorous methods used, viral etiologies could be established for only about 40% of the children with OM associated with URTIs.


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