READING PART B QUESTION 2

Strategies to survive severe infection

ICU patients with sepsis often present dramatically different outcomes despite having had a similar initiating pathogen or pathogen load, or even having completely eliminated the original infection. The contrasting outcomes may be explained by the need for two different but interdependent and evolutionarily conserved defense strategies to survive a severe infection: resistance, which relies on effector mechanisms to reduce pathogen load, and disease tolerance, which provides host tissue damage control and limits disease severity irrespective of pathogen load . Research on the initiation of protective immune responses has so far mostly focused on the direct sensing of microorganisms via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The pattern-triggered immunity model states that PRRs recognize microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) representative of different groups of microorganisms, which leads to the activation of effector mechanisms adjusted to each pathogen group. This model is well supported by data but fails to explain how the host can respond to pathogens with which it has no evolutionary history . Critically, the model is insufficient to explain how vertebrate hosts discriminate between commensal and pathogenic microorganisms that display similar MAMPs.

Q2.

The paragraph says that pattern-triggered immunity model is

A) effective in explaining host pathogen response

B) effective in differentiating how vertebrates host pathogen

C)had enough data to support the activation of the effector mechanism.

Comments

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RED Irrelevant GREEN correction PINK suggestion Mr Steven Hummings Community Nurse Community Health Centre 18 Gannon parade Newtown 24 January, 2015 Dear Mr Hummings, Re: Ms Belinda Hoyle, 37 - year- old Better to write age as 37 years If you want to write like this, better to write when you have some other information also to add like a 37-year- old widow. I am writing to introduce Ms Hoyle , no comma who is recovering from type one fracture above the left elbow. She requires assistance for lifestyle and child care. Ms Hoyle is being recovered from type one fracture above the left elbow following an accident. She requires rehabilitative care and lifestyle assistance from you service In your introduction purpose is not clear Ms Hoyle was admitted to our hospital on 21 January, 2015 with the above-mentioned diagnoses. fractured arm with little displacement of humerus following a scooter accident . On arrival, she was noticed...

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