Strategies to survive severe infection
ICU patients with sepsis often present dramatically different outcomes despite having had a similar initiating pathogen or pathogen load, or even having completely eliminated the original infection. The contrasting outcomes may be explained by the need for two different but interdependent and evolutionarily conserved defense strategies to survive a severe infection: resistance, which relies on effector mechanisms to reduce pathogen load, and disease tolerance, which provides host tissue damage control and limits disease severity irrespective of pathogen load . Research on the initiation of protective immune responses has so far mostly focused on the direct sensing of microorganisms via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The pattern-triggered immunity model states that PRRs recognize microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) representative of different groups of microorganisms, which leads to the activation of effector mechanisms adjusted to each pathogen group. This model is well supported by data but fails to explain how the host can respond to pathogens with which it has no evolutionary history . Critically, the model is insufficient to explain how vertebrate hosts discriminate between commensal and pathogenic microorganisms that display similar MAMPs.
Q2.
The paragraph says that pattern-triggered immunity model is
A) effective in explaining host pathogen response
B) effective in differentiating how vertebrates host pathogen
C)had enough data to support the activation of the effector mechanism.